numerical invariant造句

• Several generalizations of now classical index theorems allow for effective extraction of numerical invariants from spectral triples.
• According to the Novikov conjecture, the " higher signatures ", which are certain numerical invariants of smooth manifolds, are homotopy invariants.
• A numerical invariant derived from the cohomology ring is the "'cup-length "', which means the maximum number of graded elements of degree e " 1 that when multiplied give a non-zero result.
• Igor Shafarevich introduced an important numerical invariant of surfaces with the notation ? in the seminar Shafarevich 1965 . extended it and defined the Kodaira dimension for higher dimensional varieties ( under the name of canonical dimension ), and later named it after Kunihiko Kodaira in.